Tuesday, 20 January 2015

The Soul - JP Moreland

Moreland is one of my favourite philosophers - I never fail to be challenged by what I have learnt and in every book he shows himself to be the real deal.  I was fascinated with the Mind/Body issue after reading his chapter in "Philosophical foundations of a Christian Worldview" many years ago.  In 2012 I purchased his remarkable book "Consciousness and the Existence of God: A Theistic Argument."  I read about half of it with a pencil in my hand, defining words and trying to link ideas.  It was too hard for me.  I put it back on the shelf and thought that I must come back to it later.  Then Moreland published this - a laypersons account of his argument and I rushed to buy it.  Complete with his argument against Naturalism, "The Recalcitrant Imago Dei: Human Persons and the Failure of Naturalism," I am ready to digest what Moreland has to say about the Soul and it's existence.  

So, this is the first of his three books on the Mind/Body issue that I will try to read this year.  I have a couple of others to balance out my views too.  So, wow, what an easy book to read, he defines some terms and is helpful for the lay reader whenever possible.  In fact, the chapter summary and glossary at the end of each chapter is fantastic.  There is a few pages of difficult reading when Moreland looks at different types of Physicalim and he shifts easily into more academic philosophical writing.  He states that one should feel free to skip over this section of the book if it causes issues.  Many would do that I think.

This book is written for Christian’s as a defense of the belief of the Soul.  In fact, Chapter 2 is dedicated to analyzing the Biblical text to see if belief in a non-material Soul is a necessary part of Christian belief.  He concludes that it is – I think he is correct.

However, this book is not just for Christians – it should be picked up by anyone wanting to understand the basic arguments around the mind/body issues.  This is an outstanding introduction to philosophy of the mind.  In chapter one there is a section where Moreland states that modern advances in Neuroscience have not advanced the dialogue in any meaningful way.  He repeatedly makes the point that substance dualism/property dualism and various brands of Physcialism are empirically equivalent.  The scientific data fits with all the views and the philosophical arguments are where the real issues lie.  This is clearly not the view of the Physicalists as they view dualism as ‘Folk psychology’.  Moreland is really quite persuasive here.

Leibneitzian laws of identity are the key to understanding the arguments.  Moreland does a great job explaining it all.  I like the modal argument myself and find it very convincing although I understand that most people don’t feel its force.

The last chapter is worth the price of the book itself – Moreland seeks to explain why the Soul is important and how it links to Christian belief.  He provides a persuasive case for Christian Theism and gives thoughtful response to objections. 

I think that this is an area in which Christians will need to understand more &more, and actively engage with.  What constitutes personhood in the cases of Euthanasia and Abortion?  These are issues of contention and areas of attack from the secular world.  This world is becoming increasingly secular and I believe this will increasingly rob humanity of hope, meaning, purpose and moral truth.  The 'Soul' is a key battleground and one everyone should be conversant with.

I particularly enjoyed Moreland’s dealing with Near Death experiences and with Ebon Alexander, a materialist Neurosurgeon changing his mind about the soul after a Near Death Experience in recent years; Dualism is not going away.


Any negatives?  I would like more on the difference between Cartesian and Thomistic Dualism.  I would also like to see other non-identity based arguments for and against Dualism.  I'm sure that I will get this as I delve more into the literature.

5 Stars – Should be read by everyone

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